Tips From the Best Traders

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If you have done even a little bit of research into the world of trading, you will know that there are many books on how to become a better trader. One book that gets mentioned time and again as a trading classic is “Market Wizards: Interviews with Top Traders” by Jack Schwager. First published in 1989, it’s a collection of conversations with some of America’s legendary traders, who made millions from the financial markets. It’s well worth having on your bookshelf.

Here are tips from some of the world’s best traders featured in a book that really stands the test of time:

Find your trading methodology

Traders have different approaches, timescales and can trade across various markets. All successful traders have a methodology to analyse the markets that works for them – from short-term changes in price during the day to looking to catch major trends over months and sometimes even years. It is important to find an approach that fits your own “trading personality”. If you do not feel comfortable with a strategy then chances are that it will not be successful for you.

 

Have a sensible risk management strategy

All the traders mentioned the importance of risk control. There are a couple of elements to this. It is important to trade at a size that does not have a material effect on your account if you are wrong. It is also good practice to have a level in mind (or a stop loss placed on your trade). If this level is hit or stop loss triggered, you admit you are wrong and take the loss. Once again, it’s that familiar trait, or discipline, that played a major part in their success over the years.

 

Accept your trading losses

Linked to the risk control aspect is the acceptance of losses. Experienced traders know that taking manageable losses is part of the business of trading, but it is something that many of us struggle with in the beginning. A series of winning trades can easily be wiped out by one loss if you let it go on for too long. The traders interviewed had confidence in their approach of winning over the long term, so did not have a problem with admitting they were wrong and taking losses along the way.

 

Spend time understanding and analysing the markets

The traders took their market analysis and time devoted to executing and managing trades very seriously, often devoting large chunks of their waking hours to their work on the markets. They weren’t just having a punt now and again or trading on a hunch. There are no shortcuts when it comes to trading success, but the effort they put in was clear from their results.

 

Waiting for the right trade

Many of the traders interviewed said that patience played a big part – waiting for the right opportunity to come along. This ties in with a quote from another classic trading book: “Reminiscences of a Stock Operator”, written about a legendary trader called Jesse Livermore who was active in the 1920s. He said that it wasn’t his doing that made money, but his sitting on his hands. This applies to waiting for the right opportunity, and then holding the trade to maximise profits. Nearly 100 years later, it’s an approach still used by successful traders and one echoed by the many interviewees in Schwager’s book.

 

 

Hedge Funds Post Covid

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Hedge fund managers have faced a litany of unique challenges since the onset of COVID-19, and have learned a lot from those lessons. I recently sat in on a discussion hosted by BNY where top managers shared their veiws about what they learned.

  • Transparent communication is key: Given the continuing and all-permeating air of uncertainty, it has become increasingly important to continue to share experiences with colleagues and partners in the industry. A CCO of a $2B long/short equity fund points out that extra transparency and robust communications are key. That goes not only for communication with investors, but also managers talking with each other. As a manager in the current environment, there is no one person or one service provider who can tell you how to handle all issues of COVID flawlessly. When a leading hedge fund experiences significant losses from changing market dynamics and then liquidates, the entire industry can be spooked—and dropping even the suggestions of secrecy will help avoid unintended consequences.
  • The pros and cons of virtual connections: For better or for worse, today’s managers are more available thanks to more flexible working hours, limited travel and an array of virtual conferencing tools that have allowed our industry to largely continue with business as usual. However, one panelist pointed out that it is not uncommon to be receiving emails at 10:00 p.m. and that virtual meetings tend to lead to more follow-ups. One best practice to optimize the flexibility that technology currently provides is to split due diligence meetings over two or more days. More participants can be involved in real time and open items can be answered more efficiently, as well as providing the time to make everyone more familiar with each other.  One word of caution: virtual meeting fatigue is just as real as the fatigue in our prior lives. Be cautious of being too ambitious with meeting marathons. While your counterparts may appear more available as less time is spent commuting and more time is spent in front of the computer, it’s important to find the right balance of virtual meetings and calls to respect the bookends of a traditional work day.
  • Technology will never replace everything: A fiduciary’s job must continue even if there’s a global pandemic. But after it’s safe to travel again, it’s highly unlikely that the “new normal” will not include onsite due diligence visits, especially when it comes to relationships where investors have never met a particular manager in person. When it comes to technology in general, there is an added emphasis placed by investors and consultants on getting further into the weeds to learn more details about a firm’s systems, especially as they relate to business continuity. When a prospective investor can’t see the servers in person, it’s more comforting when they know details about the infrastructure. Anecdotal consensus from allocators points to the resurrection of the onsite walkthrough, suggesting that while virtual due diligence has largely been beneficial to maintaining the industry’s usual pace for now, it cannot replace the real thing. “They want to get out onto the road again,” said one panelist, proving that the last ten months has shown us once and for all that we do ultimately work in an industry built on human relationships.
  • Hedge funds have re-asserted their worth: According to HFM Insights’s September report titled “Capital raising in a crisis,”1 76% of surveyed investors felt that hedge funds were delivering value for money in 2020. Still, there has been a notable dispersion in performance across strategies. For example, quants (and CTAs in particular) have on average failed to show an ability to perform in unusual market environments, whereas long/short equity strategies have seen a spike in investor interest. It was also recommended that managers stay abreast of co-investments as an area of growing interest from investors, and that emerging markets are approached with caution given a complex global macro environment shaken up by COVID-19, geopolitical tensions, and unique due diligence demands. With record issuance levels of convertible securities this past year, renewed attention also is being paid to convertible arbitrage strategies, which is one of the best-performing strategies in 2020 (HFRI Indices showed their convertible arbitrage index finishing 2020 at roughly +12%2).
  • Still, fundraising requires an innovative approach: Way back in the spring of 2020, when the market was struggling in the initial months of the pandemic, nimble fund managers amended their plans for the year. They reasoned that later stage fundraising situations were easier to wrap up than those in early stages. Data from HFM3 corroborates this, showing that investors were much more amenable to increasing existing allocations in Q3 2020, rather than starting new relationships during lockdown and virtual due diligence processes. Investors also paid close attention to the size of the firms in question. Even in the 12 years leading up to the pandemic, fundraising tended to be more of a challenge for smaller managers, and the current situation hasn’t helped their predicament. One solution presented suggests that those managers leverage existing investors as referral sources. Such an “informational shortcut” could lead to new opportunities and help a manager perform through this environment.